Low back pain is one of the most common reasons people seek medical care, affecting nearly 80% of adults at some point in their lives. Despite its prevalence, misconceptions about low back pain often lead to unnecessary worry, ineffective treatments, and even prolonged suffering. In this article, we’ll address four widespread myths and clarify the evidence-backed truths to help you make informed decisions about managing low back pain.
1. “You Need an MRI or X-Ray to Figure Out What’s Wrong”
One of the most persistent myths about low back pain is that advanced imaging, such as MRIs or X-rays, is necessary to diagnose the problem. While imaging can be useful in specific cases, most people with low back pain don’t need it.
Studies show that imaging findings, like disc bulges or degenerative changes, are common even in people without pain. These changes are often part of the normal aging process and may not be the source of your discomfort.
When is imaging necessary? Red flags, such as severe trauma, unexplained weight loss, or neurological symptoms like numbness or weakness, might warrant imaging. For most cases of acute or non-specific low back pain, however, physical examination and clinical history are more than sufficient to guide treatment.
2. “Rest Is the Best Treatment for Back Pain”
It’s natural to think that avoiding movement will help your back heal faster, but the opposite is true. Prolonged rest or inactivity can actually worsen low back pain.
Staying active—within tolerable limits—is crucial. Gentle movement promotes circulation, reduces stiffness, and helps maintain muscle strength. Simple activities like walking or specific exercises guided by a physical therapist can speed up recovery and prevent future episodes.
Tip: Avoid heavy lifting or intense activity during acute pain, but don’t shy away from everyday movement. Gradually returning to your usual routine is often the best approach.
3. “Back Pain Is Always Caused by a Serious Injury or Structural Problem”
Many people assume that back pain must stem from a significant injury, such as a herniated disc or spinal misalignment. However, most low back pain is categorized as “non-specific,” meaning no clear structural cause is identified.
Non-specific low back pain is often related to factors like:
• Poor posture
• Muscle tension
• Stress
• Sedentary habits
Even when structural issues like herniated discs are present, they often aren’t the sole cause of pain. Pain is a complex experience influenced by physical, emotional, and social factors. Recognizing this biopsychosocial model of pain is key to effective management.
4. “Back Pain Will Always Require Surgery or Long-Term Treatment”
Another common misconception is that low back pain will inevitably require surgery or long-term intervention. In reality, most cases resolve within a few weeks to months with conservative care.
Evidence strongly supports non-invasive treatments, such as:
• Physical therapy
• Targeted exercise
• Education about pain management
• Cognitive-behavioral approaches
Surgery is reserved for a small percentage of cases, such as severe spinal stenosis or conditions causing significant neurological impairment. For the vast majority, non-surgical options are effective and carry fewer risks.
The Bottom Line
Low back pain is a common and often self-limiting condition, but misinformation can lead to unnecessary anxiety and ineffective care. By understanding these misconceptions, you can approach back pain with confidence and focus on evidence-based strategies to relieve pain and restore function.
If you’re experiencing low back pain, consult a healthcare professional, such as a physical therapist, to develop a personalized plan that works for you. Remember: movement is medicine, imaging isn’t always necessary, and recovery is within reach for most people.
Dr. Bradley Brink is a board-certified orthopedic specialist with extensive experience in helping individuals manage low back pain. His goal is to empower patients with knowledge and evidence-based care.
